Jinhua Wu is a Chinese dialect spoken in central Zhejiang Province. The area is known for high regional variation and complicated tonal phonology. This study documented generational differences in the sandhi tones, showing that the tone contours changed in a way consistent with a temporal shift within the syllable, even while the tone categories stayed fairly consistent.

Lucien Carroll. 2010. A Contour Tone Chain Shift in Jinhua Wu Sandhi Tones. Presented at the Workshop on East Asian Languages, UC Santa Barbara. Feb 20, 2010. slides abstract

Lucien Carroll. 2010. A Diachronic Chain Shift in the Sandhi Tones of Jinhua Wu. Presented at the Linguistics Student Association Colloquium, San Diego State. May 1, 2010. slides

Similarities among the sandhi systems of 15 speakers of Jinhua Wu, showing generational differences (blue vs. red boundaries) along dimension 1, and location differences (blue vs. yellow interiors) along dimension 3.