Illustrations of the IPA consulted, by order of publication year.

Illustration name Laryngeal sounds (N) Notes Excluded: no target sound Excluded: no tokens of target sound Included in analysis
American English ʔ (0) h (2) Y
Swedish h (4) Y
Bulgarian – No reported target sounds Y
German ʔ (4) h (7) Y
Arabic ʔ (3) h (1) Y
Hebrew ʔ (1) h (1) Y
Chinese (Hong Kong Cantonese) h (1) Y
Japanese h (8) Y
Persian (Farsi) ʔ (0) h (0) Glottal sounds always appeared in syllables containing another glottal sound. Y
Igbo ɦ (0) Noisy audio Y
Turkish h (1) Y
Dutch ʔ (1) ɦ (2) Y
Amharic ʔ (0) h (1) Y
Catalan – No reported target sounds Y
Thai ʔ (3) h (1) Y
Korean h (3) Y
French – No reported target sounds Y
Hausa ʔ (0) h (0) No audio Y
Tukang Besi ʔ (0) h (0) No audio Y
Hindi h (2) Y
Hungarian h (2) Y
Irish h (6) Y
Slovene – No reported target sounds Y
European Portuguese – No reported target sounds Y
Croatian – No reported target sounds Y
Sindhi h (1) Y
Taba h (0) No audio Y
Galician – No reported target sounds Y
Czech ʔ (0) ɦ (2) Y
Danish ʔ (0) h (6) V̰ (checked, 11) Y
The Dutch dialect of Weert ʔ (1) h (3) Y
The dialect of Maastricht ɦ (6) Y
Standard Modern Greek – No reported target sounds Y
Cypriot Greek – No reported target sounds Y
Kunama – No reported target sounds Y
Spokane ʔ (5) h (3) Y
Nuuchahnulth ʔ (14) h (1) Y
Chickasaw ʔ (0) h (0) Noisy audio Y
Burmese ʔ (1) h (1) V̰ (creaky, 2) V̰ (checked, 11) Y
Shipibo ʔ (0) h (0) No audio Y
Ega – No reported target sounds Y
Jicarilla Apache ʔ (7) h (2) Y
Friulian – No reported target sounds Y
Kéo ʔ (0) h (0) No audio Y
Nara ʔ (0) h (0) No audio Y
Polish – No reported target sounds Y
Standard Chinese (Beijing) – No reported target sounds Y
Kalabari-Ijo ɦ (0) Noisy audio Y
American English: Southern Michigan ʔ (0) h (0) No tokens of target sounds Y
Castilian Spanish – No reported target sounds Y
Tyneside English ʔ (1) h (1) Y
Ibibio – No reported target sounds Y
Standard Yiddish ʔ (0) h (0) No audio Y
Tamil – No reported target sounds Y
Italian – No reported target sounds Y
Brazilian Portuguese – No reported target sounds Y
Mono ʔ (1) h (1) Y
British English: Received Pronunciation ʔ (0) h (4) Y
Seri ʔ (20) h (0) Y
The sound pattern of Standard Italian, as compared with the varieties spoken in Florence, Milan and Rome – No reported target sounds Y
Belgian Standard Dutch ʔ (2) ɦ (0) Y
Central Arrernte – No reported target sounds Y
Tamambo – No reported target sounds Y
Gayo ʔ (0) h (11) Y
The dialect of Hasselt h (1) Y
Jamaican Creole h (0) No tokens of target sounds Y
Mambay ʔ (17) h (3) V̰ (glottalized, 8) Y
Sandawe ʔ (8) h (2) Y
Standard Georgian ʔ (0)  h (0) Tokens not in isolation Y
Zurich German h (13) Y
New Zealand English h (11) Y
Chistabino (Pyrenean Aragonese) – No reported target sounds Y
The Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont ʔ (2) ɦ (2) Y
Tera ʔ (0) h (5) Y
Australian English ʔ (2) h (16) Y
Liverpool English h (24) Y
Tilquiapan Zapotec V̰ (glottalized, 13) Glottalized vowels treated as rearticulated due to phasing. Y
Indonesian ʔ (9) h (1) Y
Kabiye h (3) Y
Salasaca Quichua – No reported target sounds Y
Yine h (10) Y
Hakka Chinese h (1) Y
Luanyjang Dinka V̤ (31) Y
Mah Meri ʔ (5) h (5) V̤ (lax, 0) Lax vowels were always followed by glottalized stops Y
Mavea ʔ (0) Occasional glottal stop insertion; no tokens of target sound Y
Estonian h (8) Y
Nepali h (1) Some speakers reported to have ɦ Y
Palula h (7) Y
Goizueta Basque – No reported target sounds Y
Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard) h (1) Y
Itunyoso Trique ʔ (13) ɦ (33) ɦ transcribed as h Y
The Flemish-Brabant dialect of Orsmaal-Gussenhoven h (3) Y
Temne h (2) Y
Isthmus (Juchitán) Zapotec V̰ (checked, 31) V̰ (laryngealized, 23) Laryngealized vowels can be rearticulated. Y
Slovak ɦ (2) Y
Istanbul Judeo-Spanish – No reported target sounds Y
Shilluk V̤ (0) Tokens not in isolation Y
Kera ʔ (9) h (5) Y
Standard Malay (Brunei) ʔ (1) h (5) Y
Kumzari ʔ (6) ɦ (1) Y
Vietnamese (Hanoi Vietnamese) ʔ (0) h (0) V̰ (glottalized, 5) V̰ (laryngealized, 2) V̤ (21) Y
Assamese h (1) Y
Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia ʔ (3) ɦ (4) Y
Mono Lake Northern Paiute ʔ (7) h (3) Y
Bardi – No reported target sounds Y
Central Sama ʔ (21) h (2) Y
Tausug (Suluk) ʔ (6) h (3) Y
Sumi (Sema) ʔ (28) h (1) Y
Luxembourgish h (7) Y
Lizu ʔ (2) h (4) ɦ (1) Y
Mapudungun – No reported target sounds Y
Shiwilu (Jebero) ʔ (42) h (1) Y
Tena Quichua – No reported target sounds Y
Mennonite Plautdietsch (Canadian Old Colony) ʔ (8) h (10) Y
Upper Saxon (Chemnitz dialect) ʔ (1) h (1) Y
Southeastern Pashayi ʔ (5) h (1) Y
Xumi (part 1): Lower Xumi, the variety of the lower and middle reaches of the Shuiluo river ʔ (0) h (7) ɦ (3) Excluded ʔ because optionally inserted. Y
Xumi (part 2): Upper Xumi, the variety of the upper reaches of the Shuiluo river ʔ (0) h (7) ɦ (2) Excluded ʔ because optionally inserted. Y
Bukharan Tajik ʔ (1) h (1) Y
Cocos Malay ʔ (0) h (0) Noisy audio Y
Pitjantjatjara – No reported target sounds Y
Kedayan ʔ (0) h (0) Noisy audio Y
Tashlhiyt Berber h (8) Y
Greek Thrace Xoraxane Romane – No reported target sounds Y
Cicipu ʔ (13) h (12) Y
Northwest Sahaptin ʔ (29) h (5) Y
Béarnais (Gascon) h (0) Tokens not in isolation Y
Bemba – No reported target sounds Y
Basaá h (16) ɦ (1) Y
Goemai ʔ (3) h (7) Y
Ersu – No reported target sounds Y
Ika Igbo ɦ (1) Y
Russian – No reported target sounds Y
Murcian Spanish – No reported target sounds Y
Shanghai Chinese ʔ (12) h (1) ɦ (4) V̰ (stiff, 0) V̤ (slack, 0) Stiff and slack vowels excluded due to lack of appreciable glottalization or aspiration Y
Standard Austrian German h (15) Y
Lyonnais (Francoprovençal) – No reported target sounds Y
Makasar ʔ (26) h (1) Y
Amarasi ʔ (50) h (13) Y
Lusoga (Lutenga) ʔ (0) h (0) Noisy audio Y
Dari (Afghan Persian) h (7) Y
Setswana (South African) ʔ (0) h (3) Y
Nen h (3) Y
Chicahuaxtla Triqui ʔ (51) h (18) Y
Gitksan ʔ (22) h (6) Y
Nuosu Yi ʔ (0) h (0) Targets also have epiglottalization due to register, so were excluded Y
Brunei Malay ʔ (10) h (3) Y
Malayalam (Namboodiri Dialect) h (1) Y
Azerbaijani h (2) Y
Munji h (1) Y
Khowar h (0) Tokens not in isolation Y
Telugu h (3) Y
Ukrainian ɦ (3) Y
Upper Sorbian h (4) Y
Hawaiian ʔ (4) h (4) Y
Niuean h (14) Y
Mexico City Spanish – No reported target sounds Y
Asturian – No reported target sounds Y
Argentine Spanish h (1) Y
Philippine English (Metro Manila acrolect) h (16) Y
Zwara (Zuwārah) Berber ɦ (8) Y
Tianjin Mandarin – No reported target sounds Y
Central Lisu ʔ (0) h (0) V̰ (checked, 1) Y
Saterland Frisian ʔ (1) h (3) Y
Ja’a Kumiai ʔ (13) Y
Umbuygamu ʔ (2) h (4) Y
Mbarrumbathama (Lamalama) ʔ (5) h (6) Y
Nivaĉle (shichaam lhavos variety) ʔ (9) h (0) V̰ (glottalized, 12) Glottalized vowels are related to V+ʔ but phonologically distinct. Often rearticulated in quality, so treated as such here. Y
Fataluku ʔ (4) h (10) Y
Japhug h (1) Y
Sasak, Meno-Mené dialect ʔ (14) h (9) Y
Madurese ʔ (19) h (2) Y
Afrikaans ɦ (5) Y
Seenku – No reported target sounds Y
Cagliari Sardinian – No reported target sounds Y
Shawi (Chayahuita) ʔ (20) h (0) Y
Malacca Portuguese Creole – No reported target sounds Y
Tongan ʔ (16) h (10) Y
Punjabi (Lyallpuri variety) h (4) Y
A’ingae (Cofán) ʔ (11) h (3) Y
Central Malagasy h (5) Y
Hmu (Xinzhai variety) h (1) V̤ (0) Breathy-toned tokens are harsh Y
The Xiangxiang dialect of Chinese – No reported target sounds Y
Scottish Gaelic h (3) Y
Upper-Chambira Urarina h (7) Y
Khuzestani Arabic ʔ (1) h (14) Y
Indonesian Bajau (East Lombok) ʔ (30) h (7) Y
Kejom (Babanki) ʔ (20) Y
Kazakh h (1) Y
Jianchuan Bai V̤ (breathy, 4) V̰ (creaky/harsh, 0) Breathy vowels for lax register on tone 31 only; tense tokens are harsh Y
Kalasha (Bumburet variety) h (2) ɦ (0) ɦ occurs hiatus resolution, but h also voices intervocalically, so ɦ excluded Y
Belarusian – No reported target sounds Y
Lili Wu Chinese ʔ (11) h (3) ɦ (2) V̤ (breathy, 16) Y
Zhushan Mandarin – No reported target sounds Y
Eastern Andalusian Spanish h (0) Excluded [h] because derived optionally from /s/ debuccalization and metathesis Y
Saraiki ɦ (7) Y
Khongso ʔ (2) h (1) Y
Trapezountian Pontic Greek in Etoloakarnania – No reported target sounds Y
Dàgáárè (Central) ʔ (1) h (5) Y
Ambel h (1) Y
The Arabic dialect of Gaza City – Tokens not in isolation Y